Hydraulic excavators, multi-purpose arm

Hydraulic excavators, thanks to their great versatility, power, resistance and precision, have become a key machine when it comes to helping us to build the world we live in (moving heavy loads, extracting materials, destroying what hinders us). But what is the secret of this fantastic machine? His hydraulic arm of course, which resembles a human but with the power that gives the hydraulics, and the tenacity of steel, which makes these machines into a huge arm capable of many tasks. Now, without further delay, we will delve into the parts and operation of these technological wonders.

PARTS

First, so that when we talk about the operation we are located and we know which site of the machine we are talking about, we will describe the parts of it.

·         Spoon or bucket

·         Arm

·         Feather

·         Cabin

·         Machinery box (lower part)

FUNCTIONING

Once we have visualized the parts, we will now explain the operation:

 The essence of its operation are a hydraulic pump of great power and the main control valve or MCV that is responsible for distributing the oil under pressure to the different parts that they need (bucket, arm, caterpillar ...) to generate the movement of said parts. From the different controls of the cabin the operator sends the fluid to the desired parts to produce the movement and, depending on the amount of movement that is desired, more or less fluid will be sent to that point (which makes it have precise movements.

 Now let's explain with a little detail how each of the parties move thanks to this "heart".

To move on the ground the excavators use either wheels for more solid surfaces, or the caterpillar for less stable surfaces and, to generate the movement in these, conventional explosion engines are used.

To rotate on its axis 360º, its hydraulic system comes into play: The cabin has a gear that meshes internally to an external one located in the machinery box. So to turn, the operator pulls the lever that supplies pressurized oil to a hydraulic motor that through a system of gears causes the larger gear located in the lower part of the cabin to rotate with respect to that of the machinery box , producing a turn (of the cabin and arm)

 To handle the arm the system is a bit more complex: To raise and lower the boom a pair of double-acting cylinders are responsible for this work.

When the operator operates the earthmoving sunshine coast, the pressurized oil reaches the cylinder, displacing the stem and raising the boom. To move the arm the system uses a cylinder and a joint (such as our arm and elbow) to move, when the stem is produced the advance is like when we bend the elbow, the joint causes the arm of the excavator to bend (and descend) and when the rod backs up it is like when we stretch it, that is to say the arm of the excavator rises and gets in line with the upper part of the boom.

A similar system is used to control the spoon, with a cylinder on the arm and a joint that joins it to the spoon (whose human similes would be the forearm, wrist and hand). With the movement of advance in the shank the spoon would descend and when backwards it would ascend.